Repetitive Strain

50% of wheelchair users report

musculoskeletal pain

• Shoulder 44%, elbow 21%, wrist 23%, hand 18%

  Liampas et al. 2021

• People who self-propel wheelchairs are six times more likely to develop shoulder pain than those without mobility impairments

  Liampas et al. 2021

Power Assist Devices

Research indicates decreased risk of pain and dysfunction with Power Assist Devices.

• Users of a PAD experienced reduced strain
  Kloosterman et al. 2016; Giacobbi et al. 2010

• Range of motion of upper extremity joints is more favourable with PAD compared to without
  Kloosterman et al. 2012, 2015, 2016; Algood et al 2004; Corfman et al. 2003

User Benefits

Research shows that using a power assist device can reduce pain and strain for the user, reduce push frequency and lower propulsion forces.

1. Reduced pain

• 45% responded that PAD had an extremely positive effect on pain reduction;
• A further 24% experienced a somewhat positive reduction in pain

2. Lower push frequency

• Front PAD is typically without pushes
• Dependent on environment and health condition
  Levy et al. 2004; Guillon et al. 2015

3. Lower propulsion forces

• The propulsion forces are lower with PAD compared to without
  Pradon et al. 2021; Kloosterman et al. 2012, 2015; Arva et al. 2001